

In the NCERT Economics book Indian Economic Development (Class 11, Chapter – “Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues”), you explore the changing pattern of employment in India and the challenges related to job opportunities.
You learn about the growth of employment in different sectors, the concept of workforce participation, and the differences between the formal and informal sectors. The chapter also explains how a large part of India’s workforce is employed in the informal sector, where workers often face issues such as low wages, lack of job security, and limited social protection.
By studying this chapter, you understand the various employment issues in India, including unemployment, underemployment, and informalisation. This helps you develop a deeper understanding of labour market challenges and the need for policies that promote secure and productive employment opportunities.